Budape\u015fte, gri bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc alt\u0131nda bile kendi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tabilen nadir \u015fehirlerden biri. Tuna Nehri\u2019nin ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak tarihin ve mimarinin birle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu iki ruhlu kenti gezmek, zamanda bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmak gibi. Bir yanda tepelerin ma\u011frur kalesi Buda, di\u011fer yanda d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn modern ve hareketli y\u00fcz\u00fc Pe\u015fte.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u200b\u0130simlerin Arkas\u0131ndaki S\u0131r: Buda ve Pe\u015fte
\n\u200b\u015eehrin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131, 1873\u2019te \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin (Buda, Pe\u015fte ve Obuda) birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.
\n\u200bBuda: \u0130smini ya Hun lideri Attila\u2019n\u0131n karde\u015fi Bleda\u2019dan (Buda) ya da Slavca “su” anlam\u0131na gelen “voda”dan al\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 buraya g\u00f6n\u00fcl ba\u011f\u0131yla “Budin” demi\u015f, stratejik \u00f6neminden dolay\u0131 “Budin-i \u015eerif” olarak anm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u200bPe\u015fte: Slav dillerinde “f\u0131r\u0131n” demektir; muhtemelen b\u00f6lgedeki kire\u00e7 ocaklar\u0131 veya s\u0131cak su kaynaklar\u0131 nedeniyle bu ad\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u200b1. Buda: Kaleler, Kuleler ve Manevi Bek\u00e7iler
\n\u200bMasals\u0131 Bir Zirve: Matyas Kilisesi ve
\n\u200bBal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Tabyas\u0131 (Hal\u00e1szb\u00e1stya)<\/p>\n
![\"Budape\u015fte](\"https:\/\/www.azgezen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/budapeste-gezi-rehberi-azgezen-750x422-1.jpg\")
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\u200bBuda Kalesi b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan bu yap\u0131, adeta Disney \u015fatolar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran, Orta \u00c7a\u011f atmosferini modern bir dokunu\u015fla sunan bir seyir teras\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u200bMimari ve \u00d6zellikleri: Yap\u0131, 1895-1902 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mimar Frigyes Schulek taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. En dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u00fczerinde bulunan 7 adet koni \u015feklindeki kuledir.
\n\u200bKulelerin S\u0131rr\u0131: Bu 7 kule, 896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karpat Havzas\u0131’na yerle\u015fen 7 Macar boyunu simgeler. Mimar Schulek, buray\u0131 askeri bir savunma yerinden ziyade, Matyas Kilisesi\u2019nin g\u00f6rkemini tamamlayacak estetik bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olarak tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kemerli pencereler, Parlamento Binas\u0131’n\u0131 en g\u00fczel \u00e7er\u00e7eveleyen “do\u011fal viz\u00f6rlerdir”.<\/p>\n
\u200b\u0130sminin Hikayesi: Neden “Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131”? \u0130ki ana s\u00f6ylence vard\u0131r:
\n\u200bSavunma: Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da bu surlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc koruma g\u00f6revinin Budinli bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar loncas\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u200bPazar: Kalenin hemen alt\u0131nda, Tuna k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bal\u0131k pazar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu yama\u00e7lar\u0131 kestirme yol olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.
\n\u200bS\u00f6ylenceler: Tabyan\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki gizli t\u00fcnellerin, ku\u015fatma zamanlar\u0131nda bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n gizlice \u015fehre yiyecek sokmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, dolunay zaman\u0131 tabyan\u0131n kemerlerinden Parlamento’ya bakman\u0131n gezginlere \u015fans getirece\u011fi anlat\u0131lan modern bir Budape\u015fte efsanesidir.
\n\u200b
\nTabyan\u0131n kemerli yap\u0131s\u0131 ile Parlamento\u2019nun keskin Gotik hatlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki tezat, Budape\u015fte’nin hem savunmac\u0131 hem de estetik karakterini \u00e7ok net \u00f6zetliyor. Bu iki yap\u0131 birbirine Tuna \u00fczerinden bakar; biri halk\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc (Parlamento), di\u011feri ise kentin k\u00f6kl\u00fc tarihini ve koruyucular\u0131n\u0131 (Tabya) selamlar. Buras\u0131, \u015fehri Pe\u015fte yakas\u0131ndan izlemek i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir estetik harikas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hemen yan\u0131nda y\u00fckselen Matyas Kilisesi, renkli seramikleriyle \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir sanat eserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde “Budin B\u00fcy\u00fck Camii” olarak kullan\u0131lan bu yap\u0131, \u015fehrin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn en canl\u0131 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Meydandaki Veba S\u00fctunu (heykel grubu), \u015fehrin atlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na dikilmi\u015f barok bir ni\u015fanedir.<\/p>\n
\u200bG\u00fcl Tepesi\u2019nin Efendisi: G\u00fcl Baba T\u00fcrbesi
\n\u200bBudin\u2019in kalbinde, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en zarif imzas\u0131 G\u00fcl Baba T\u00fcrbesi yer al\u0131r. 1541\u2019de Budin seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fen bu Bekta\u015fi dervi\u015fi, bug\u00fcn sadece T\u00fcrklerin de\u011fil, Macarlar\u0131n da sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fu bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrbenin bah\u00e7esindeki sar\u0131kl\u0131 mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ve her daim a\u00e7an g\u00fcller, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu topraklardaki 145 y\u0131ll\u0131k (1541-1686) huzurlu g\u00f6lgesini temsil eder.<\/p>\n
\u200b2. Pe\u015fte: \u0130hti\u015fam\u0131n ve Sanat\u0131n Kalbi
\n\u200bNehrin K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Dev: Parlamento Binas\u0131
\n\u200b
\nDevasa kubbeli ve sivri kuleli yap\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden biri olan Macaristan Parlamento Binas\u0131’d\u0131r. 691 odal\u0131 bu devasa yap\u0131, Macaristan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u200bPe\u015fte yakas\u0131nda, Tuna\u2019n\u0131n hemen k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda t\u00fcm heybetiyle y\u00fckselen bu bina, sadece bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi de\u011fil, Macar ulusal kimli\u011finin bir an\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
![\"I\u015f\u0131klar](\"https:\/\/imgs.platinonline.com\/Documents\/Platin\/images\/2023\/07\/07\/isiklar-sehri-budapeste-345_2.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u200bMimari ve \u00d6zellikleri: Neo-Gotik tarzda in\u015fa edilen binan\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yar\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve Imre Steindl\u2019\u0131n projesi se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Binan\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda 40 kilogram alt\u0131n, yar\u0131m milyon de\u011ferli ta\u015f ve 40 milyon tu\u011fla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. o simetrik yap\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir; bina iki meclisli bir sistem i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olup sa\u011f ve sol kanatlar\u0131 birbirinin ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u200bHikayesi ve Vurgular: 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Macarlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya geli\u015finin 1000. y\u0131l\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak tam olarak 1904\u2019te tamamlanabildi. Binan\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi tam olarak 96 metredir. Bu rakam, Macar krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 olan 896\u2019ya bir g\u00f6ndermedir ve Budape\u015fte’de hi\u00e7bir binan\u0131n bu y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ge\u00e7mesine (Aziz Stefan Bazilikas\u0131 hari\u00e7) izin verilmez.
\n\u200bS\u00f6ylenceler: Rivayete g\u00f6re, binan\u0131n mimar\u0131 Imre Steindl, eserinin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remeden g\u00f6rme yetisini kaybetmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan hemen \u00f6nce vefat etmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, binan\u0131n “ruhuna” dair h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc bir efsane olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, binan\u0131n her bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde yer alan 242 heykelin, \u015fehri koruyan eski Macar liderleri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n
\u200bOsmanl\u0131 \u0130zleri: Binan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fckler, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ordugah ve nehir donanmas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bu stratejik nokta, Avrupa’n\u0131n en g\u00f6rkemli mimari eserlerinden birine ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u200bAziz Stefan Bazilikas\u0131 ve Meydan\u0131
\n\u200b \u015eehrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kilisesi olan Aziz Stefan Bazilikas\u0131’d\u0131r. Klasik mimarinin zirvesi olan bu yap\u0131, Pe\u015fte\u2019nin siluetini belirleyen en \u00f6nemli unsurlardan biri.
\n\u200bBudape\u015fte\u2019nin Pe\u015fte taraf\u0131nda y\u00fckselen bu devasa bazilika, sadece bir ibadethane de\u011fil, Macar devletinin kurulu\u015funun ve birli\u011finin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n\u200b1. Mimari \u0130hti\u015fam ve “96” Say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131rr\u0131
\n\u200bBazilikan\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 tam 54 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (1851-1905). \u00dc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 mimar\u0131n elinden ge\u00e7en bu eser; Neo-Klasik ve Neo-R\u00f6nesans tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n muazzam bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u200bY\u00fckseklik: Bazilikan\u0131n kubbesi, t\u0131pk\u0131 Parlamento Binas\u0131 gibi tam 96 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir. Bu, Macarlar\u0131n Karpat Havzas\u0131’na geli\u015f y\u0131l\u0131na (896) bir at\u0131ft\u0131r ve Budape\u015fte’de bu iki binadan daha y\u00fcksek yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na uzun s\u00fcre izin verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu durum, “manevi g\u00fc\u00e7” (din) ile “d\u00fcnyevi g\u00fcc\u00fcn” (devlet) e\u015fitli\u011fini simgeler.
\n\u200b2. Kutsal Emanet: “Aziz Sa\u011f El”
\n\u200bBazilikan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki \u015fapellerden birinde, Macaristan’\u0131n ilk kral\u0131 Aziz Stefan’\u0131n bozulmadan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan sa\u011f eli (Szent Jobb) muhafaza edilir. Bu emanet, Macar halk\u0131 i\u00e7in en kutsal ulusal hazinedir.
\n\u200b3. Sanat ve \u0130\u00e7 Mekan Detaylar\u0131
\n\u200bKubbe ve Mozaikler: Kubbenin i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki alt\u0131n varakl\u0131 mozaikler ve freskler, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en iyi Macar sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n pencerelerden i\u00e7eri s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp bu alt\u0131n detaylarda k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u00e7eride mistik bir atmosfer yarat\u0131r.
\n\u200bAkustik: Bazilika, Avrupa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck orglar\u0131ndan birine ev sahipli\u011fi yapar ve konserleri ile \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n\u200b4. Meydan\u0131n Ruhu
\n\u200bBazilika \u00f6n\u00fcndeki geni\u015f meydan (Szent Istv\u00e1n t\u00e9r), Pe\u015fte’nin en canl\u0131 sosyal alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00c7izgili geometrik ta\u015flarla d\u00f6\u015feli bu meydan, \u00f6zellikle Noel zaman\u0131 kurulan pazarlar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bazilikan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131 duru\u015fu, \u00e7evresindeki modern kafelerin dinamizmiyle birle\u015ferek kentin sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusunu harika bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131t\u0131r.
\n\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b3. Sosyo-K\u00fclt\u00fcrel G\u00f6zlemler:
\nForint, Tarih ve Ya\u015fam
\n\u200bBudape\u015fte halk\u0131, tarihlerine olan derin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla biliniyor. Sokaklarda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken hem Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun aristokrat havas\u0131n\u0131 hem de Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n hamam ve kapl\u0131ca k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerini g\u00f6rebiliyorsunuz.<\/p>\n
\u200bEkonomi: AB \u00fcyesi olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Forint (HUF) kullanmaya devam etmeleri, \u015fehre \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir ekonomik hava kat\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya k\u0131yasla daha eri\u015filebilir bir ba\u015fkent olsa da, tarihi dokuyu korumak ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar \u015fehrin her k\u00f6\u015fesinde hissediliyor.<\/p>\n
\u200bYa\u015fam: Tuna k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yollar\u0131, termal hamamlar ve eski binalar\u0131n i\u00e7ine kurulan “Ruin Pubs” (Harabe Barlar), halk\u0131n sosyalle\u015fme noktalar\u0131. \u0130nsanlar vakur, \u015fehir ise her daim canl\u0131.
\nAyr\u0131ca taiy masaj salonlar\u0131 da halk\u0131 davet etmekte ve faaliyetlerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a icra etmektedirler.<\/p>\n
![\"Budape\u015fte](\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/nsplsh_32546d73795a584d4e5445~mv2_d_6000_4000_s_4_2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_568,h_378,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/nsplsh_32546d73795a584d4e5445~mv2_d_6000_4000_s_4_2.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Budape\u015fte’nin Gece Ruhu ve Mimari Detaylar
\n\u200bBudape\u015fte sadece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz de\u011fil, g\u00fcne\u015f batt\u0131ktan sonra da bamba\u015fka bir hikaye anlat\u0131r. Gece ayd\u0131nlatmalar\u0131, \u015fehrin neden “I\u015f\u0131klar \u015eehri” olarak an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.
\n\u200b Budape\u015fte, Avrupa\u2019da gece ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 konusunda en iddial\u0131 \u015fehirlerden biridir. \u00d6zellikle binalar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki o sar\u0131-turuncu s\u0131cak \u0131\u015f\u0131klar, ta\u015f binalar\u0131n so\u011fuklu\u011funu k\u0131r\u0131p onlara mistik bir hava kat\u0131yor. Sokak lambalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki o \u0131slak kald\u0131r\u0131mlar, \u015fehre tam bir eski Avrupa filmi havas\u0131 veriyor.
\n\u200bY\u00fcksek tavanl\u0131, heykelli ve kemerli i\u00e7 mekanlar, Budape\u015fte’nin *”Apartman K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc”*ne harika bir \u00f6rnek. Bu binalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131radan g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de i\u00e7ine girdi\u011finizde sizi geni\u015f avlular, i\u015flemeli korkuluklar ve bazen de gizli bah\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131lar. Bu, \u015fehrin barok ve neoklasik mimari zenginli\u011finin konutlara kadar s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir.
\n\u200bK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Sokaklar ve Detaylar: , Budape\u015fte’nin ana caddelerinden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Her bir kap\u0131 tokma\u011f\u0131, her bir pencere pervaz\u0131 asl\u0131nda imparatorluk d\u00f6neminin zanaatkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yor.
\n\u200b
\n\u200b”Budape\u015fte\u2019nin as\u0131l karakteri, Parlamento gibi dev binalar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kalan o sessiz ara sokaklarda gizlidir. Gece \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n vurdu\u011fu o eski ta\u015f binalar, size 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Viyanas\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu gizemini ayn\u0131 anda f\u0131s\u0131ldar. Bir kap\u0131dan i\u00e7eri s\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde sizi kar\u015f\u0131layan heykelli avlular, bu \u015fehrin sadece bir ba\u015fkent de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fayan bir sanat eseri oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
Budape\u015fte\u2019nin sokak ya\u015fam\u0131, kentin g\u00f6rkemli tarihi binalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde akan, nostalji ile modernizmin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi canl\u0131 bir ser\u00fcven gibidir. Kentin sadece turistik bir durak de\u011fil, ya\u015fayan bir organizma oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.
\n\u200b
\n\u200bBudape\u015fte\u2019nin Sokak Ruhu: Nostalji ve Estetik
\n\u200b1. Tarihi Dokunun G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hayatla Bulu\u015fmas\u0131
\nBudape\u015fte sokaklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken kendinizi bir film setinde gibi hissedersiniz. Y\u00fcksek tavanl\u0131, balkonlu ve devasa kap\u0131l\u0131 binalar, kentin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l aristokrasisini bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131r. Halk\u0131n bu binalar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki kafelerde kahvesini i\u00e7mesi veya bisikletiyle bu dar yollardan ge\u00e7mesi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fle bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ne kadar do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde harmanland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n\u200b2. K\u00f6\u015fe Ba\u015f\u0131 Detaylar\u0131
\nBiina giri\u015fleri ve heykeller, kentin her k\u00f6\u015fesine sinmi\u015f bir zanaatkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Budape\u015fte’de sokak ya\u015fam\u0131 aceleci de\u011fildir; insanlar binalar\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fczerek y\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle giri\u015flerdeki aslan ba\u015flar\u0131, mitolojik fig\u00fcrler ve ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ilikleri, kentin koruyucu ruhlar\u0131 gibidir.
\n\u200b3. I\u015f\u0131k ve Atmosfer
\nGece \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sokaklar bamba\u015fka bir kimli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Budape\u015fte ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u015fehirdir. Sokak lambalar\u0131n\u0131n sar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, binalar\u0131n cephelerindeki dokuyu belirginle\u015ftirirken, ta\u015f kald\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmek adeta bir zaman yolculu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Gece \u00e7ekimlerindeki o puslu ve s\u0131cak atmosfer, kentin hem h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc hem de romantik yan\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yor.
\n\u200b4. Sosyal Dinamikler
\nSokaklarda g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fimiz o sakinlik, asl\u0131nda kentin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel derinli\u011finden gelir. Geni\u015f meydanlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin Aziz Stefan Bazilikas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fc veya Parlamento \u00e7evresi) birer sosyalle\u015fme alan\u0131d\u0131r. Sokak sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcfeler ve nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki banklar, Budape\u015fte halk\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131da vakit ge\u00e7irmeyi ne kadar sevdi\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u200b
\n\u200b”Budape\u015fte sokaklar\u0131, devasa an\u0131tlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda kalan sessiz hikayelerle doludur. Bir binan\u0131n oymal\u0131 kap\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u00e7eri bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6rece\u011finiz geni\u015f bir avlu ya da gece \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda parlayan \u0131slak bir kald\u0131r\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131, size kentin en samimi halini sunar. Burada sokak ya\u015fam\u0131, sadece bir yerden bir yere gitmek de\u011fil; her ad\u0131mda tarihin tozlu sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcmektir.”<\/p>\n
4. Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Onemi
\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Pe\u015fte yakas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol alt\u0131nda tutsa da ana idari merkez olarak kale i\u00e7indeki Buda\u2019y\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f ve buraya Budin ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.
\n\u200bOsmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda \u015fehir genellikle \u015fu unvanlarla an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131:
\n\u200bBudin-i \u015eerif: \u015eehrin stratejik ve manevi \u00f6nemini vurgulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u200bK\u0131z\u0131l Elma: Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6neminde Budin, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki ana hedeflerinden biri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6nem “K\u0131z\u0131l Elma” olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u200bOsmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Budape\u015fte Tarihi
\n\u200bOsmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Budape\u015fte (Budin) maceras\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 145 y\u0131l (1541\u20131686) s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
![\"Budape\u015fte](\"https:\/\/yoldaolmak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/budapeste-gece-hayati.webp\")
<\/p>\n
\u200b1. Fetih ve \u0130dari Yap\u0131 (1541):
\nKanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman, 1541 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehri tamamen Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katarak Budin Eyaleti’ni kurmu\u015ftur. Budin, imparatorlu\u011fun Avrupa’daki en u\u00e7 ve en \u00f6nemli eyalet merkezi, yani “serhad” \u015fehri olmu\u015ftur. Budin Beylerbeyi, protokolde vezirlik r\u00fctbesiyle en \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u200b2. Mimari ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm:
\nOsmanl\u0131 buray\u0131 sadece bir kale olarak g\u00f6rmemi\u015f, bir \u0130slam \u015fehri kimli\u011fi kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u200bCamiler ve Tekkeler: Kiliselerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 camiye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f (\u00d6rne\u011fin Matyas Kilisesi – Budin B\u00fcy\u00fck Camii), yeni medreseler ve tekkeler in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u200bIl\u0131calar (Hamamlar): Budape\u015fte’nin me\u015fhur termal sular\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kurulan hamamlarla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir de\u011fer kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kir\u00e1ly ve Rudas hamamlar\u0131 bug\u00fcn hala Osmanl\u0131 mimarisinin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n\u200bG\u00fcl Baba: \u015eehrin manevi koruyucusu kabul edilen G\u00fcl Baba, bu d\u00f6nemde halk\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde yer edinmi\u015f ve t\u00fcrbesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar korunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u200b3. Sosyal Hayat:
\nOsmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Budin; T\u00fcrklerin, Macarlar\u0131n, Yahudilerin ve S\u0131rplar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kozmopolit bir ticaret merkeziydi. Tuna Nehri \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan ticaret, \u015fehri ekonomik olarak \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u200b4. Veda (1686):
\nKutsal \u0130ttifak sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 1686 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015fatmas\u0131 sonucu Budin d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Son Budin Valisi Arnavut Abdurrahman Abdi Pa\u015fa, 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda surlarda bizzat sava\u015farak \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Macarlar taraf\u0131ndan da sayg\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Bug\u00fcn kalede onun ad\u0131na dikilmi\u015f h\u00fcrmet dolu bir an\u0131t mezar bulunmaktad\u0131r).
\n\u200bBudape\u015fte, Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece bir \u015fehir de\u011fil; Bat\u0131’ya a\u00e7\u0131lan bir kap\u0131, bir askeri \u00fcs ve estetik bir ya\u015fam alan\u0131yd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bile \u015fehirde y\u00fcr\u00fcrken bir hamam kubbesinde veya bir t\u00fcrbe bah\u00e7esinde o d\u00f6nemin huzurlu g\u00f6lgesine rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u200bSon S\u00f6z
\n\u200bOsmanl\u0131’n\u0131n *”K\u0131z\u0131l Elma”*s\u0131 olan Budin, bug\u00fcn Budape\u015fte ad\u0131yla Avrupa’n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u015fkentlerinden biri. Son Budin Valisi Arnavut Abdurrahman Abdi Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kaledeki mezar ta\u015f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi: “Kahraman bir d\u00fc\u015fmand\u0131, ruhu \u015fad olsun.” Bu \u015fehirde tarih sadece kitaplarda de\u011fil, surlarda, kubbelerde ve Tuna’n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
![\"Budape\u015fte'de](\"https:\/\/cdn-imgix.headout.com\/media\/images\/4ff06b2a7eb433915aadf50ea134d904-Danube%20River.jpg?auto=format&w=1222.3999999999999&h=687.6&q=90&ar=16%3A9&crop=faces&fit=crop\")
<\/p>\n
Tuna nehri ak\u0131yor
\nBudape\u015fte’de Tuna nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndayim. Akl\u0131mda bin akincinin nal sesleri ve Tuna nehrinde y\u00fczen ince donanma var.
\n\u015eimdi ince donanma yerine feribotlar ve turistik tekneler y\u00fcz\u00fcyor.
\nNehrin iki yakas\u0131nda g\u00f6rkemli tarihi binalar ve Macaristan parlamentosu t\u00fcm ihti\u015fam\u0131yla duruyor.
\nTepedeki Osmanl\u0131 kalesi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck heykeli selam veriyor…
\nMacaristan deyinca bir tarih ak\u0131yor zihnimde. Mohac meydan muharebesi ve Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n ak\u0131nlar\u0131. di\u011fer yandan \u015fairin \u00f6zlem ve sessiz feryad\u0131 yank\u0131lan\u0131yor.
\nNerede karde\u015flerin, c\u00f6mert Nil, ye\u015fil Tuna;
\nGiden \u015fanl\u0131 ak\u0131nc\u0131, ne g\u00fcn d\u00f6ner yurduna?
\nMermerlerin nabz\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7arpar m\u0131 tekbir?
\nBulur mu deli r\u00fczg\u00e2r o seday\u0131: Allah bir!
\nNfk<\/p>\n
Hayk\u0131rd\u0131, ak tolgal\u0131 beylerbeyi “\u0130lerle!”
\nBir yaz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7tik Tuna’dan kafilelerle<\/p>\n
\u015eim\u015fek gibi at\u0131ld\u0131k bir semte yedi koldan
\n\u015eim\u015fek gibi T\u00fcrk atlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yoldan<\/p>\n
Bir g\u00fcn yine doludizgin atlar\u0131m\u0131zla
\nYerden yedi kat ar\u015fa kanatland\u0131k o h\u0131zla<\/p>\n
Cennette bu g\u00fcn g\u00fclleri a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz de
\nH\u00e2l\u00e2 o k\u0131z\u0131l h\u00e2t\u0131ra gitmez g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczde<\/p>\n
Bin atl\u0131 ak\u0131nlarda \u00e7ocuklar gibi \u015fendik
\nBin atl\u0131 o g\u00fcn dev gibi bir orduyu yendik
\nYahya Kemal<\/p>\n
Tuna nehri akmam diyor
\nEtraf\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131kmam diyor
\n\u015ean\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck Osman Pa\u015fa
\nPlevne’den \u00e7\u0131kmam diyor<\/p>\n
K\u00f6pr\u00fcler<\/p>\n
Tuna nehri \u00fczerinde onbir k\u00f6pr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u00f6ylerin hikayesi bir anlamda Avrupa tarihidir. K\u0131saca baz\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin hikayesini yazal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
Szechenyi Zincir K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Budape\u015fte) (1849): Buda ve Pe\u015fte’yi kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ba\u011flayan ilk k\u00f6pr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Efsaneye g\u00f6re, k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn giri\u015findeki aslan heykellerinin dillerini yapmay\u0131 unutan mimar Clark, utanc\u0131ndan k\u00f6pr\u00fcden atlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda dilleri vard\u0131r ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda bombalan\u0131p, 1949’da yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.
\nOsmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Ah\u015fap K\u00f6pr\u00fcleri (16. Y\u00fczy\u0131l): Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6neminde askeri lojistik i\u00e7in Sava ve Tuna nehirleri \u00fczerinde h\u0131zl\u0131ca kurulan ge\u00e7ici ah\u015fap k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, ordular\u0131n Avrupa seferlerindeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda kritik rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nTuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Bulgaristan-Romanya) (1954): Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin deste\u011fiyle in\u015fa edilen ve “Dostluk K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc” olarak an\u0131lan bu 2.223 metre uzunlu\u011fundaki yap\u0131, o d\u00f6nem Bulgaristan ile Romanya aras\u0131ndaki tek k\u00f6pr\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hem demir hem kara yolu i\u00e7eren, iki katl\u0131 bir m\u00fchendislik harikas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nK\u00f6pr\u00fc Facias\u0131 (1595): Koca Sinan Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun Eflak Seferi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Yerg\u00f6\u011f\u00fc civar\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc ge\u00e7erken Eflak g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdi\u011fi, ak\u0131nc\u0131 oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi bir olayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde monte edilmi\u015f y\u00fczlerce anahtar dikkatimizi \u00e7ekiyor. Me\u011fer sevgililer a\u015fklar\u0131n\u0131n daim olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in buraya kilit a\u015f\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Budape\u015fte, gri bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc alt\u0131nda bile kendi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tabilen nadir \u015fehirlerden biri. Tuna Nehri\u2019nin ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[93],"class_list":["post-4214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi"],"yoast_head":"\n