![\"Steampunk](\"https:\/\/img.pikbest.com\/origin\/09\/22\/17\/45npIkbEsTdVt.jpeg!w700wp\")
<\/p>\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in Mekke\u2019de vahye muhatap olmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve Medine\u2019de vefat\u0131yla birlikte tamamlanan \u0130slam tecr\u00fcbesi, yaln\u0131zca bir inan\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fretisi olarak kalmam\u0131\u015f; k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde geni\u015f bir medeniyet d\u00fczenine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle birlikte din ile devlet idaresi ayn\u0131 tarih sahnesinde yer alm\u0131\u015f, bu durum \u0130slam tarihine ayn\u0131 zamanda bir iktidar tecr\u00fcbesi kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Peygamber\u2019in vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hz. Ebubekir\u2019in halife se\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte \u0130slam toplumunda ilk idare tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar, yeni olu\u015fan devlet d\u00fczeninin nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi meselesiyle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Hz. Ebubekir d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fmeler g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Sahte peygamber hareketleri ise farkl\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Ebubekir herhangi bir kabile yahut dar bir b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6neticisi de\u011fildi. Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ine alan bir devlet d\u00fczeninin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunuyordu. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle halifelik, inan\u00e7 rehberli\u011fi kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir idare makam\u0131 anlam\u0131na da geliyordu. Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131nda bu \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir devletin ilk defa ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da hat\u0131rda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Hz. Ebubekir\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan sonra kurulan \u015fura heyeti Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019i halife se\u00e7ti. Hz. \u00d6mer yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir f\u0131k\u0131h bilgini de\u011fildi; ayn\u0131 zamanda kudretli bir komutan ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131. Onun devrinde \u0130slam devleti geni\u015flemi\u015f, Bizans ve Sasani imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu geli\u015fmeler \u0130slam tarihinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorlu\u011fun tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmesi, yeni g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in \u015fehit edilmesinin arka plan\u0131nda da bu b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn izleri bulundu\u011fu s\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirilir. Mecusi Ebu L\u00fc\u2019l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi suikast, bu tarih\u00ee gerilimler dikkate al\u0131narak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran ve \u00e7evresinde bug\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015eii n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu ile Sasani miras\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi aras\u0131nda tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u011flar vard\u0131r. \u015eiilerin Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e y\u00f6nelik olumsuz yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni de \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu tarih \u00e7izgisi i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in \u015fehadetinden sonra Hz. Osman halife se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, onun d\u00f6nemi de gergin bir atmosfer i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6nceki halifenin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle olu\u015fan ortamda y\u00f6netimi y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Hz. Osman da benzer bir ak\u0131bete u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan halife se\u00e7ilen Hz. Ali ise \u00e7ok daha \u00e7etin hadiselerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve onun hayat\u0131 da \u015fehadetle sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu hadiseler \u0130slam tarihinin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirir. Arka arkaya ya\u015fanan suikastlar devlet d\u00fczeninin nas\u0131l korunaca\u011f\u0131 sorusunu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar i\u00e7inde Hz. Muaviye\u2019nin halifeli\u011fin babadan o\u011fula ge\u00e7mesi esas\u0131na dayanan bir d\u00fczen kurmas\u0131, d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir tercih olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Zira isti\u015fare yoluyla i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelen \u00fc\u00e7 halife de suikast sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Kerbela hadisesi ise bu tarih ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00f6neme kap\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019in \u015fehadeti \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llar konu\u015fulan ve hat\u0131rlanan bir olay h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Bu hadise, zaman i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 yorumlarla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar aras\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n sembol\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcten ikinci \u00f6nemli hadise ise Osmanl\u0131 ile Safev\u00ee devleti aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan m\u00fccadeledir. Yavuz Sultan Selim ile \u015eah \u0130smail aras\u0131ndaki rekabet bu s\u00fcrecin merkezinde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eehzade Selim Karadeniz\u2019de sancak beyli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinden baz\u0131 beylerin ve dervi\u015f gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran taraf\u0131na y\u00f6neldi\u011fini fark eder. Bu hareketin izini s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in yeni bir devlet kurma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu anlar. Safev\u00ee hareketi, Anadolu\u2019daki baz\u0131 \u00e7evreleri kendi siyasi hedefi etraf\u0131nda toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 devleti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu geli\u015fme s\u0131radan bir n\u00fcfus hareketi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclemezdi. Zira devlet d\u00fczeninin kurulu\u015funda Anadolu erenlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 bulunuyordu. Osmanl\u0131 gelene\u011finde \u015eeyh Edebali\u2019nin ad\u0131 bu sebeple ayr\u0131 bir yer tutar. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda Anadolu\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir merkeze y\u00f6nelmesi devlet d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir mesele h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Selim\u2019in babas\u0131 II. Bayezid\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektuplarda bu tehlikeyi anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler Selim\u2019i Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f, \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte Safev\u00ee ilerleyi\u015fi durdurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
![\"\u0130slami](\"https:\/\/downloadwap.com\/thumbs2\/wallpapers\/p2ls\/25\/spiritual\/DdbbgfAO.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 devleti \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f, halifelik makam\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasi dengelerinde yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Zamanla bu tarih\u00ee olaylar farkl\u0131 yorumlarla anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131 \u015fahsiyetler hakk\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 kanaatler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Hz. Muaviye ve Yavuz Sultan Selim hakk\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu tarih yorumlar\u0131ndan beslenir.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yer alan S\u00fcnni ve Alevi gelenekleri incelendi\u011finde k\u00f6k ve \u00f6z bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 inan\u00e7 dairesinde bulunduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Alevilik, Ahmet Yesev\u00ee\u2019den Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli\u2019ye uzanan tasavvuf yolunun Anadolu\u2019daki uzant\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Mevlev\u00eelik, Nak\u015fibend\u00eelik veya Kadir\u00eelik gibi tasavvuf yollar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck gelene\u011fin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tarih boyunca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ayr\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman devlet idaresi etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130nan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise bu ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n keskin s\u0131n\u0131rlar olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Alevi ve S\u00fcnni vatanda\u015flar aras\u0131nda inan\u00e7 temeline dayanan bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma bulunmaz. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman siyaset alan\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle dinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck siyasi \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130slam tarihi tarafs\u0131z bir bak\u0131\u015fla ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran unsurlar\u0131n san\u0131landan \u00e7ok daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ortak de\u011ferler olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak S\u00fcnni, Alevi, Bekta\u015fi ve \u015eii gibi adland\u0131rmalar tarih i\u00e7inde olu\u015fmu\u015f yorum ve gelenek farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. \u0130nan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130slam \u00fcmmetini kesin \u00e7izgilerle ay\u0131ran bir yap\u0131dan s\u00f6z etmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Tarihi do\u011fru okumak, ayr\u0131l\u0131k noktalar\u0131 yerine ortak paydalar \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan hadiseleri so\u011fukkanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirmek, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, yar\u0131n kurulacak birlik zeminini de g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hz. Muhammed\u2019in Mekke\u2019de vahye muhatap olmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve Medine\u2019de vefat\u0131yla birlikte tamamlanan \u0130slam tecr\u00fcbesi, yaln\u0131zca…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":4109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[310],"class_list":["post-4108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar"],"yoast_head":"\n