![\"Jose](\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/G3qpNQ297KE\/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEhCK4FEIIDSFryq4qpAxMIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJD&rs=AOn4CLDq4YXgZ6ZLVamqjIx3pJLnZSJxHw\")
<\/p>\nJos\u00e9 Saramago\u2019nun kaleminden \u00e7\u0131kan bu erken d\u00f6nem meyvesi, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte yal\u0131n bir ta\u015fra hik\u00e2yesi olarak yans\u0131r. Lakin metnin y\u00fczeyinden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7ip i\u00e7eri\u011fi inceledi\u011fimde, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan manzara bir olay anlat\u0131s\u0131 olmaktan uzakla\u015f\u0131r. Bu eser; kad\u0131n\u0131n tutkuyla, cemiyetle ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz yazg\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sessiz, ancak bir o kadar da \u00e7etin pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayd\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Yazar, ta\u015fran\u0131n dura\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir zemin olarak kullan\u0131rken, as\u0131l f\u0131rt\u0131nay\u0131 karakterin zihninde kopar\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu roman\u0131 okurken, bir dulun al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f matemini m\u00fc\u015fahede etmedim; aksine bir \u015fuurun tu\u011fla tu\u011fla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne \u015fahitlik ettim. Maria Leonor\u2019un e\u015fini yitirmesi, anlat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat as\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck kopu\u015f, onun g\u00f6n\u00fcl d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, kimsenin g\u00f6remedi\u011fi o kuytu k\u00f6\u015felerde vuku bulur. Kad\u0131n art\u0131k e\u015finden ayr\u0131lmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, kendisini ayakta tutan ananevi nizam\u0131 ve o g\u00fcne dek s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 liman\u0131 da kaybetmi\u015ftir. Saramago, dul kalmay\u0131 \u015fahsi bir keder veya biyografik bir vak\u0131a olarak ele almaz; bilakis varolu\u015f kat\u0131nda bir e\u015fik, bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak kurgular. Maria, tam bu s\u0131n\u0131rda; dizginleyemedi\u011fi arzular\u0131 ile ta\u015fra ahlak\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131, a\u015f\u0131lmaz ve sert duvarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Roman\u0131n zihni iskeletini ayakta tutan ve metnin ruhunu ele veren c\u00fcmlelerden biri \u015fudur:<\/p>\n
\u201cHayat dedi\u011fin \u015fey toplumun, geleneklerin, insanlar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn duygular, hisler, pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar, umutlar, hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclerle g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit bir i\u015flemdir.\u201d <\/i><\/em>(s.76)<\/p>\n Bu ifade, zihnimde \u015fu tefekk\u00fcr\u00fc uyand\u0131rd\u0131: Be\u015fer hayat\u0131 aslen berrak ve durudur; bu safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma\u015faya bo\u011fan, insano\u011flunun kendi eliyle kurdu\u011fu yapay nizamlar ve prangalard\u0131r. Maria\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruhan\u00ee cenk de tam olarak bu noktadan do\u011far. Kendi h\u00fcr murad\u0131 ile cemiyetin ondan bekledi\u011fi donuk roller aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f, s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n portresi \u00e7\u0131kar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. Bu portre, bir d\u00f6nemin veya bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi olmaktan \u00f6te; insan\u0131n kendi hakikatiyle y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fi her an\u0131n ve her yerin anlat\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Saramago, hen\u00fcz bu ilk eserinde, insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcndeki o sars\u0131lmaz \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, g\u00f6steri\u015ften uzak ancak tesiri y\u00fcksek bir dille m\u00fch\u00fcrlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Saramago\u2019nun fikri ufkunda arzu, gelge\u00e7 bir heyecandan veya romantik bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan ibaret kalmaz. Bilakis bu, en kuytu k\u00f6\u015felerde bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, zincire vurulmu\u015f bir ya\u015fama talebinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Maria\u2019n\u0131n gen\u00e7 k\u0131zl\u0131ktan kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa evrildi\u011fi o e\u015fsiz demleri anlatan \u015fu tasvir, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ruhi ve\u00e7hesini \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde a\u015fik\u00e2r k\u0131lar:<\/p>\n \u201cGen\u00e7 k\u0131zl\u0131ktan kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi ona, nemli, kasvetli bir alacakaranl\u0131kta uzun s\u00fcre kald\u0131ktan sonra a\u00e7\u0131k havaya \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n ve ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ne\u015fesini hissettirmi\u015fti.\u201d<\/i><\/em> (s.107)<\/p>\n Bu sat\u0131rlar, bedenin hapsoldu\u011fu dar kal\u0131plar ile ruhun sonsuz geni\u015fli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki gerginli\u011fi berrak bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer. Kad\u0131nl\u0131k burada \u015fahsi bir vaziyet olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar; \u015fuurda yeni ufuklar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 taze bir sahad\u0131r. Ne var ki bu yeni saha, vadedilen bir h\u00fcrriyetle bezeli olmay\u0131p; aksine \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r mesuliyetlerle ve a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 engellerle ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Toplum, romanda ete kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015fah\u0131s gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmese de her k\u00f6\u015fe ba\u015f\u0131nda pusuya yatm\u0131\u015f kudretli bir akt\u00f6r s\u0131fat\u0131yla yer al\u0131r. Hizmet\u00e7i Benedita\u2019n\u0131n her \u015feyi sezen tav\u0131rlar\u0131, \u00e7evrenin ketum ve dondurucu yarg\u0131lar\u0131, ta\u015fra ahlak\u0131n\u0131n o sars\u0131lmaz kat\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026 B\u00fct\u00fcn bu unsurlar, Maria\u2019n\u0131n hareket sahas\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m daraltan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez birer pranga h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Dul bir kad\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcl kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden aralama ihtimali, bu dar zihin \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kolayca kabul g\u00f6ren bir hal te\u015fkil etmez. Arzu, adeta gizli tutulmas\u0131 gereken bir c\u00fcr\u00fcm gibi omuzlarda ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Bu a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck, karakterin her ad\u0131m\u0131nda ensesinde hissetti\u011fi, toplum kaidelerinin o so\u011fuk ve mesafeli nefesidir.<\/p>\n Saramago, anlat\u0131n\u0131n bu safhas\u0131nda be\u015ferin kaderle olan girift m\u00fcnasebetini de k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7ar. Metinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fu ifade, karakterlerin \u00fczerinde sallanan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r k\u0131lar:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsanlar, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n sonsuzlukta belirledi\u011fi yazg\u0131lar\u0131 yerine getirmek i\u00e7in ilahi irade taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan basit ara\u00e7lard\u0131r.\u201d<\/i><\/em> (s.72)<\/p>\n Bu c\u00fcmle, roman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne h\u00e2kim olan o \u00e7aresizlik hissinin as\u0131l anahtar\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Karakterler, kendi h\u00fcr kararlar\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri vehmine kap\u0131lsalar da aslen \u00e7ok daha azametli bir nizam\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmektedir. Maria\u2019n\u0131n zihin hesapla\u015fmas\u0131, bu bak\u0131mdan cemiyetle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p; varolu\u015fun \u00f6tesine uzanan, metafizik bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ku\u015fan\u0131r. Ki\u015fi, kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131n sahibi oldu\u011funu zannederken, asl\u0131nda \u00f6nceden \u00e7izilmi\u015f bir hatt\u0131n \u00fczerinde sessizce ilerleyen bir yolcu s\u0131fat\u0131yla yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Roman\u0131n sayfalar\u0131 ilerledik\u00e7e, be\u015fer\u00ee m\u00fcnasebetlerin \u00f6z\u00fcne dair sars\u0131c\u0131 bir hakikat daha g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar:<\/p>\n \u201cBu d\u00fcnyada kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tavizler vermek ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar yapmak i\u00e7in ya\u015f\u0131yoruz\u2026\u201d<\/i><\/em> (s.207)<\/p>\n Burada sevgi dedi\u011fimiz o ulvi his dahi, \u00f6rt\u00fck bir pazarl\u0131kla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f vaziyettedir. Kimin ne kadar s\u00fck\u00fbt edece\u011fi, kimin neyden vazge\u00e7ece\u011fi ve kimin hangi hakikatleri i\u00e7ine g\u00f6mece\u011fi bu pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. Maria\u2019n\u0131n serencam\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu vakit kendi hayat\u0131ndan, hayallerinden ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden feragat ederek mevcut nizam\u0131 ayakta tutan as\u0131l direk oldu\u011funu sezdirir. D\u00fczenin bekas\u0131, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n sessizce feda etti\u011fi r\u00fcyalar\u0131n omuzlar\u0131nda y\u00fckselir. Bu vaziyet, sevginin dahi sosyal bir bor\u00e7 \u00f6deme bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hazin bir tabloyu resmeder.<\/p>\n Metnin nihayetine do\u011fru kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fu i\u00e7 hasbihal, roman\u0131n ruhi zirve noktas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir:<\/p>\n \u201cSanki ruhumu bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015flar ve bana sadece v\u00fccudumu b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flar, ya\u015fayamaz ve kendi kendine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemez haldeyim! B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar bana a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz bo\u015fluk hissi veriyor, aray\u0131p bulamayanlar\u0131n, bir \u015feyler yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bilen ama ne oldu\u011funu bilemeyenlerin \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131 gibi bu.\u201d<\/i><\/em> (s.250)<\/p>\n Bu sat\u0131rlarda bir tek Maria\u2019n\u0131n \u015fahsi kederini m\u00fc\u015fahede etmedim; aksine modern zaman insan\u0131n\u0131n genel ahvaline \u015fahitlik ettim. Bedeni d\u00fcnyada duran lakin ruhu muallakta kalan bir insan tipi\u2026 Arayan, fakat neyi arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dahi idrak edemeyen bir \u015fuur\u2026 Saramago\u2019nun anlat\u0131m\u0131, bilerek mesafe koyan, serinkanl\u0131 bir tav\u0131r arz eder. Duyguyu k\u00f6p\u00fcrt\u00fcp yapay bir h\u00fczne yaslanmaz; ac\u0131y\u0131 abart\u0131p okurun merhametine hitap etmez. Okura ne hissetmesi gerekti\u011fini telkin etmez. Bilakis bu so\u011fukkanl\u0131 \u00fcslup, metni \u00e7ok daha sars\u0131c\u0131 bir mertebeye ta\u015f\u0131r. Zira o koca bo\u015fluk, yazar taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan okurun zihnine ve g\u00f6nl\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Netice itibar\u0131yla Dul<\/i><\/em>, kad\u0131n kimli\u011fini, tutkuyu ve cemiyet bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yal\u0131n bir ta\u015fra \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde etrafl\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015fan kudretli bir metindir. Saramago insan\u0131 g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p y\u00fcceltmez; onu \u00e7eli\u015fkileriyle, boyun e\u011fi\u015fleriyle ve o me\u015fhur s\u00fck\u00fbtlar\u0131yla oldu\u011fu gibi resmeder. Roman nihayete erdi\u011finde elimde haz\u0131r cevaplar kalmaz; lakin omuzlar\u0131ma binen a\u011f\u0131r sualler kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Jos\u00e9 Saramago\u2019nun kaleminden \u00e7\u0131kan bu erken d\u00f6nem meyvesi, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte yal\u0131n bir ta\u015fra hik\u00e2yesi olarak yans\u0131r….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":3811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[310],"class_list":["post-3810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kitap"],"yoast_head":"\n![\"Kitap](\"https:\/\/www.medyacuvali.com\/uploads\/yazilar\/kitap-incelemesi-jose-saramagokorluk-seda-askin.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n