{"id":2158,"date":"2025-08-25T14:31:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T11:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/simurgedebiyat.com\/?p=2158"},"modified":"2025-08-25T14:33:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T11:33:45","slug":"cevat-akkanatin-siirleri-uzerine-bir-elestirel-dipnot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/simurgedebiyat.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/25\/cevat-akkanatin-siirleri-uzerine-bir-elestirel-dipnot\/","title":{"rendered":"Cevat Akkanat’\u0131n \u015eiirleri \u00dczerine (Bir Ele\u015ftirel Dipnot)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cevat Akkanat\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirleriyle doksanl\u0131 y\u0131llarda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. O y\u0131llarda okudum ilk \u015fiir kitab\u0131 \u2018Kara Oyun\u2019u. M\u00fcteakiben dergilerde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fiirleriyle birlikte akl\u0131mda kalan dipnotlarda, k\u00fclt\u00fcrle sarmalanm\u0131\u015f bir lirizm, s\u0131\u011f g\u00fcncelli\u011fe muhalif bir ele\u015ftirel dil, g\u00f6ndergelerle y\u00fckl\u00fc konu\u015fma tavr\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi. Ondaki rahatl\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fiir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemi etkileyen ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u015fiir ad\u0131na aram\u0131zdaki mesafeyi uzatacak kadar ciddiydi. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 \u015fairanelik diyordum ben. \u015eiirle ya\u015fam aras\u0131nda buzdan cam \u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm y\u0131llar. Ve \u2018insan bu d\u00fcnyada \u015fairane mukim\u2019 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Psikolojik deneyimin \u00f6nemi, de\u011feri ve bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m y\u0131llar\u0131 sarmalayan \u015fiirlerle ge\u00e7en uzun zamanlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bug\u00fcn daha akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda uslu duygulu biri haline geldim diyemem. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe g\u00f6re bug\u00fcn eskiyle yeni aras\u0131nda geli\u015fen mesafe bilincinin biraz daha ayr\u0131m\u0131na vard\u0131m diyebilirim. Vaktiyle bilhassa \u015fiir ve form bahsinde bende bask\u0131n olan dogmatik e\u011filimlerde so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131k ve otoriteyi \u00f6nceleyen bir anlay\u0131\u015f i\u00e7indeydim. Belki hala \u00f6yleyimdir. Bana g\u00f6re form hangi k\u0131l\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrse g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u00fcn tefsirci olmamal\u0131yd\u0131. Form, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00f6k\u00fcnden soyruk, \u00e7ift ba\u015fl\u0131 ve soyut bir yap\u0131yla ku\u015fatmamal\u0131yd\u0131. Dahas\u0131 tefsirci bir anlay\u0131\u015fa hizmet etmemeliydi. Bug\u00fcn bulundu\u011fum yerde, ya\u015fay\u0131p \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim bir\u00e7ok \u015feyden sonra, Cevat Akkanat\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirlerini daha yak\u0131n bir g\u00f6zle ve yeniden okuma olana\u011f\u0131m var. Haliyle d\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullar ve kazan\u0131mlarla birlikte bug\u00fcnden d\u00fcne uzan\u0131rken, \u015fiirsel doku ve tecr\u00fcbe, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve tutarl\u0131l\u0131k okumam\u0131za e\u015flik edecektir. Nihayet 40 y\u0131l sonra Akkanat\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirlerinden bug\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015feni, bize kalacak olan\u0131 kurcalayaca\u011f\u0131z. \u015eu var ki daha \u00e7ok ve genellikle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi at ve at\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki binicinin \u015funca y\u0131l kat etti\u011fi mesafeyle ilgilenece\u011fim bilinsin isterim. At\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki keneyle de\u011fil diyece\u011fim. Ele\u015ftiri at\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki keneyle de ilgilenir ayr\u0131 bahis. Ele\u015ftirmen bu ilgisini \u015fiir bahsinde tarih kart\u0131n\u0131 oynarken de\u011fil, \u015fiirsel dokunun dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkatiyle gelecek kart\u0131n\u0131 oynarken g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Yine de yinelemekte fayda var. Bir \u015fiiri okurken, bizim \u015fiire yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u011flamla, \u015fiirin bize sundu\u011fu ger\u00e7ek ba\u011flam \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyebilir. Hatta \u00e7ok kez ve bazen hi\u00e7 de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyebilir. O halde bir ba\u011flamdan \u00f6tekine ta\u015f\u0131nmak da okurun zevkine kals\u0131n, diyerek ba\u015flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Akkanat\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirlerine kronolojik bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede e\u011filmek istiyorum. Evvela 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131 kat eden, d\u00f6nemin politik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplardan ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131m. Sonra 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne getirdi\u011fi \u015fiirler \u00fczerine olabildi\u011fince nesnel namuslu bir yakla\u015f\u0131m getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Nihayet b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiirleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye ula\u015fmak, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kovgun \u0130sa T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc <\/strong>iki ba\u015fl\u0131kta kurulmu\u015f bir kitap: \u2018Kovgun\u2019 ve \u2018\u0130sa T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019.<\/p>\n

Kitapta 1983-1988 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 4 \u015fiir var: \u2018Kovgun\u2019 \u2018\u00d6l\u00fc Diri\u2019 \u2018Ba\u015fkana A\u011f\u0131t\u2019 ve \u2018\u0130sa T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019. Bunlar \u015fairin yirmili ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ilk evresini kat eden \u015fiirlerdir. \u015eairin \u00f6n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa \u2018\u00d6l\u00fc Diri\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fiire 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesinden 32 y\u0131l sonra k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ekleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ek bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa kitab\u0131n 19-24 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fiirlerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kitab\u0131n maddi ger\u00e7eklerinden bahis a\u00e7mam\u0131n bir nedeni var: Bu \u015fiirlerin ilk kez Haziran 2023\u2019te kitap h\u00fcviyetinde bask\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rmesi. Yaz\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zamandan neredeyse 40 y\u0131l sonra kitap olmu\u015f diyece\u011fim. Bunun iki anlam\u0131 var. Biri bu \u015fiirler vaktinde hangi nedenlerle kitap olamad\u0131larsa, ayn\u0131 nedenlerden bug\u00fcn kitap olmu\u015flar. Yani imk\u00e2n bulmu\u015f kitap olmu\u015f \u015fiirler. Di\u011feri ise 40 y\u0131l evvel yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirlere \u015fairin zar atma cesareti g\u00f6stermesi. Yani \u015fairin teknik ihtiya\u00e7tan \u00e7ok, s\u00fcreklili\u011fe de\u011fer veren \u00f6zsel bir tavr\u0131 \u00f6ncelemesi. Bu tav\u0131r kendi \u015fiirine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ele\u015ftirel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na veya alk\u0131\u015flara \u015fiirini a\u00e7\u0131k tutmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130lk yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kendi geli\u015fimini \u00f6zsel bir tutumla s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde okurlar\u0131na da a\u00e7mas\u0131 Akkanat\u2019\u0131n poetik tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferli olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

\u2018Kovgun\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 sayfay\u0131 bulan uzun bir \u015fiir. Akkanat bu uzun \u015fiiri \u2018narrative\u2019 formalar halinde yazm\u0131\u015f. Bu formalar\u0131 da g\u00fcncel konu\u015fma dilinde \u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. \u00d6rg\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018konu\u015fma\u2019 bi\u00e7imi \u2018teatral monolog\u2019u and\u0131r\u0131yor. \u2018G\u00fcncel\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131 ise d\u00f6nemin siyasi ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6ndergelerden besleniyor. Bu g\u00f6ndergeler ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00f6rt\u00fck izlenimi veriyor fakat okuma ilerledik\u00e7e adresini belli ediyor. Okuduk\u00e7a \u015fiirin siyasi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissediliyor. Ger\u00e7i Akkanat yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 metnin hangi ko\u015fullar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermi\u015f. Belli ki \u015fiir T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullara tepki olarak boy atm\u0131\u015f. Bu tepkinin d\u00f6nemin siyasal atmosferini kuranlara d\u00f6n\u00fck bir boyutu olmas\u0131yla birlikte, sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zellikleri de var. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki Akkanat, darbe ertesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fi ve ad\u0131na seksen \u015fiiri dedikleri olu\u015fumla aras\u0131na mesafe koymu\u015f. Giderek bu olu\u015fumun besledi\u011fi anlay\u0131\u015fa muhalif bir noktadan ba\u015flatma arzusuyla yazm\u0131\u015f \u2018Kovgun\u2019u. Diyece\u011fim tabanda siyasi sesin y\u00f6n verip besledi\u011fi muhalif bir \u015fiirle muhatab\u0131z. E\u011fer bir \u015fiirin ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi kadar ne yapmak istedi\u011fiyle de ilgiliysek, \u2018Kovgun\u2019 iyi bir \u00f6rnek. Zira s\u00f6yleme ve yapman\u0131n gereklerini kar\u015f\u0131layacak d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fckte yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u015eiirde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck bir par\u00e7a faydal\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015fa hizmet eder. Bu hizmetin \u015fiirde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise bir par\u00e7a estetik endi\u015feden tavize zorlanmakt\u0131r. Akkanat bu bir par\u00e7ay\u0131 biraz abartm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u015eiirde estetik endi\u015feden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermenin olas\u0131 baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 var \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Mesela \u2018Kovgun\u2019u d\u00fcz c\u00fcmleler \u00e7ok istila etmi\u015f. Bu d\u00fcz c\u00fcmleler ise fazla fiil y\u00fcklenmekle \u015fiirsel ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015f. Oysa \u015fairin uzun manzum dedi\u011fi bir metnin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kazanmas\u0131, gereksiz s\u0131fat ve y\u00fcklemden olabildi\u011fince ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Uzun manzum bir anlat\u0131da ayr\u0131ca \u2018belirsizlik\u2019 ya da \u2018m\u00fcphemlik\u2019 gibi okurun zihnini fazla kurcalamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an unsurlar\u0131n asgariye \u00e7ekilmesi esast\u0131r. Bunlar \u015fiirin ne ve nas\u0131l s\u00f6yledi\u011fiyle ilgili zamanla a\u015f\u0131lacak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim Akkanat bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bazen halk deyi\u015flerinden dev\u015firdi\u011fi sesle, bazen s\u00f6zc\u00fck oyunlar\u0131ndan hareketle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m yasalar\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irerek, kimi zaman da ironiyle gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor: \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcm alm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \/ \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcr s\u00fcr\u00fc \/ \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \/ biz \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcz \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcz\u2019 \u2018g\u00fczel \u00fclkeler var d\u00fcnyan\u0131n koltukaltlar\u0131nda \/ bir koltuk buluruz buralarda size \/ siz arars\u0131n\u0131z alt\u0131n\u0131\u2019 \u2018bir ozan yeti\u015fseydi imdad\u0131n\u0131za \/ yeterdi !\u2019 As\u0131l \u015fiirin ne yapmak istedi\u011fi var daha m\u00fchim. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a muhalefet ediyor diyece\u011fim. Muhalefetin \u015fiir dili ne d\u00f6nemini domine eden marjinal sivil Ece Ayhan\u2019\u0131n konu\u015fmas\u0131na ne de darbe sonras\u0131 ikame edilen silik ve ezik, i\u00e7e kapan\u0131k ve \u00f6rt\u00fck seksenlerin genel konu\u015fmas\u0131na benziyor. \u00d6te yandan Akkanat yeni bir muhalif dil in\u015fa etme \u00e7abas\u0131yla da gelmiyor. Dili halk soka\u011f\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Avami s\u00f6zcelerden \u015fiir kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dolayl\u0131 yoldan rezonans tekni\u011fini kullanarak okuruna as\u0131l s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fi \u015feyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemesi mesaj\u0131n\u0131 veriyor. \u015eairin as\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek istedi\u011fi \u015fey, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de siyasi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik alanda d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen dolaplar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda ve \u00f6n\u00fcnde ya\u015fanan ger\u00e7eklerdir. Ger\u00e7ekler ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerdir daha do\u011frucas\u0131. Ritmik par\u00e7alar bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bir\u00e7ok dizede rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z imal\u0131 deyi\u015fler her ne kadar \u015fiirin b\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131na hizmet eden bir d\u00fczene sahip olsa da ger\u00e7ekte cazip bir dil formu yakalamaktan uzak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Fakat tefsirci ayr\u0131klar bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa formal cesaret, ilk gen\u00e7lik verimi \u015fiirler ad\u0131na alk\u0131\u015flanacak dirilikte g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u2018kur\u015fun \/ cop \/ k\u0131rba\u00e7 \/ bo\u015f \/ sokak \/ ya\u011fmur \/ bo\u015f \/ bo\u015f \/ bo\u015f \/ bo\u015f \u00e7a\u011f!\u2019 \u2018ka\u00e7 \u015fey etti\u011fimizi duydun mu \/ bu \u015fey \/ le\u015f \/ mi\u015flik \/ ler \/ \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda\u2019 \u015eiir 12 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyenleri, d\u00fczen, d\u00fcz\u00fclen, d\u00fcz\u00fclmeye haz\u0131r olanlar\u0131 argo jargonla halk hesab\u0131na d\u00fczenli bir ele\u015ftiriden ge\u00e7iriyor.<\/p>\n

Devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Ali CELEP’ten al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n